Análisis espacial de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas de la subcuenca Atoyac-Zahuapan y riesgos de salud pública.

Autores/as

  • Numa Pompilio Castro González Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.
  • Francisco Calderón Sánchez Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Puebla
  • Guillermo Jesuita Pérez Marroquín Facultad de Ingeniería Agrohidráulica, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22231/asyd.v21i1.1593

Palabras clave:

aguas residuales, contaminación, riesgo de cáncer

Resumen

 En la subcuenca del Alto Balsas en los estados de Puebla y Tlaxcala, los suelos agrícolas son irrigados con aguas residuales que han acumulado metales pesados. Estos compuestos representan un riesgo para la salud, debido a que pueden ser ingeridos, inhalados o absorbidos y generar enfermedades cancerígenas y no cancerígenas. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el contenido de Cd, Pb, Cr y As en suelos agrícolas de cuatro zonas irrigadas: Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Nativitas, Santa Isabel Tetlatlahuca y Tecamachalco, las determina­ciones fueron realizadas por medio de un ICP - OES. Se calculó el riesgo de salud para hombres, mujeres y niños utilizando las ecuaciones de la Unites Estates Enviromental Protection Agency (USEPA) y se calculó en términos porcentuales, el área de alcance de la contaminación de los suelos con metales pesados por medio de un análisis espacial. Se encontró que los mayores riesgos son para los adultos y fueron el Cd y Cr los metales más peligrosos para la población. La vía de exposición que representa el mayor riesgo fue oral en los niños y en adultos la vía dérmica. El riesgo de cáncer fue mayor en adultos, con orden descendente Cd>As> Cr>Pb. En cuanto a la dimensión de la afectación, 51 municipios de la subcuenca del Alto Balsas y canal de Valsequillo son afectados, donde el Cd, Pb y Cr fueron encontrados en todos, el As en 99% de la superficie total.

Citas

Aquino ME, Rodríguez TL, Morales NJA. 2015. Valoración económica de los impactos ambientales en la salud por la contaminación del río Atoyac. Memoria del Congreso Nacional AMICA.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2012. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. [Cited 2023 Apr 1]. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=15.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2016. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. [Cited 2023 Apr 11]. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/phs/es_phs13.html.

Bermúdez GMA, Jasan R, Plá R, Pignata ML. 2011. Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in wheat grains: assessment of potential non-carcinogenic health hazard through their consumption. J Hazard Ma¬ter. 193. 264–271. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.058

Bhargava A., Carmona FF, Bhargava M, Srivastava S. 2012. Enfoques para mejorar la fitoextracción de metales pesados. The Journal of Environmental Management 105. 103 – 120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.002

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2023. Combatting the Dangers of Heavy Metal Con¬tamination: the CDC Can Lead the Way! https://www.cdc.gov/od/science/technology/techtransfer/suc¬cessstories/leadwipes.htm

Castro-González NP, Calderón-Sánchez F, Moreno-Rojas R, Tamariz-Flores JV, Reyes-Cervantes E. 2019. Nivel de contaminación de metales y arsénico en aguas residuales y suelos en la Subcuenca del Alto Balsas en Tlaxcala y Puebla, México. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, 35(2). 335-348. https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2019.35.02.06. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20937/RICA.2019.35.02.06

Castro-González NP, Moreno-Rojas R, Calderón SF, Moreno OA, Juarez MM. 2017. Assessment risk to children’s health due to consumption of cow’s milk in polluted areas in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1316320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2017.1316320

Chang Z, Qiu J, Wang K, Liu X, Fan L, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. 2023. The Relationship Between Co-expo¬sure to Multiple Heavy Metals and Liver Damage. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 77. 127128.10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127128

Chen H, Teng Y, Lu S, Wang Y, Wang J. 2015. Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China. Sci Total Environ. 512–513. 143–153. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.025

Briffa J, Sinagra E, Blundell R. 2020. Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon. Volume 6. e04691. Doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691

Dai YS, Jones B, Lee KM, Li W, Post L, Timoty J, Herrman. 2016. Contaminación de alimentos para ani¬males por metales pesados en Texas. Revista de ciencia reguladora 01 21 – 32.

De Moya-Sánchez A, Casierra-Martínez H, Vargas-Ramírez X, Caselles-Osorio A. 2021. Chromium and Zinc A. removal from synthetic industrial wastewater in pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with Cyperus odoratus L. INGE CUC. 17;2. 75–86. Doi:10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.08.

Esmaeili A, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Jaafarzadeh N, Kermani M. 2014. A geochemical survey of heavy metals in agricultural and background soils of the Isfahan industrial zone. CATENA. 121. 88–98. DOI:10.1016/j.catena.2014.05.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.05.003

Estrada-Rivera A, Díaz Fonseca A, Treviño Mora S, García Suastegui WA, Chávez Bravo E, Castelán Vega, R, Morán Perales JL, Handal-Silva A. 2022. The Impact of Urbanization on Water Quality: Case Stu¬dy on the Alto Atoyac Basin in Puebla, Mexico. Sustainability 2022, 14. 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020667

Feng XG, Zan Y, Wei X, Ge H, Cai T, Long L, Xie L, Tong C, Liu L, Li L, Huang F, Wang X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zou Z, Zhang X, Yang. 2023. Relationship of multiple metals mixture and osteoporosis in older Chi¬nese women: anaging and longevity study. Environ. Pollut. 317(2023). 20699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120699

Ferreira-Baptista L, De Miguel E. 2005. Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, An¬gola: a tropical urban environment. Atmos Environ. 39(25). 4501–4512. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026

García-Nieto E, Carrizales-Yáñez L, Juárez-Santacruz L, García-Gallegos E, Hernández-Acosta E, Briones Corona E, Vázquez-Cuecuecha OG. 2011. Plomo y arsénico en la subcuenca del Alto Atoyac en Tlaxcala, México. Rev. Chapingo Ser. Cie. 17(1). 7-17. DOI: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2010.06.040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2010.06.040

Giromini C, Rebucci R, Fusi E, Rossi L, Saccone F, Baldi A. 2016. Citotoxicidad, apoptosis, daño del ADN y metilación en líneas celulares epiteliales mamarias y renales expuestas a ocratoxina. Biología celular y toxicología 32. 249 – 258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-016-9332-2

Goovaerts P. 1997. Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. Applied Geostatistics Series. XIV. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Geological Magazine, 135(6). 819-842. doi:10.1017/S0016756898631502. 483 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756898631502

Govind P, Madhuri S. 2014. Metales pesados que causan toxicidad en animales y pescadores. Revista de inves¬tigación de ciencias animales, veterinarias y pesquera 2. 17- 23.

Haidar Z, Fatema K, Shoily S, Sajib A. 2023. Disease-associated metabolic pathways affected by heavy metals and metalloid. Toxicology Reports. Doi:10.10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.010

Han Y, Gu X. 2022. Enrichment, contamination, ecological and health risks of toxic metals in agricultu¬ral soils of an industrial city, northwestern China. Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals. 3. 100043.10.1016/j.jtemin.2022.100043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2022.100043

Hu X, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Wang T, Lian H, Sun Y. 2012. Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China. Atmos Environ [Internet]. Elsevier; 57. 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.056

Huang R, Huiji P, Zhou M, Jin J, Ju Z, Ren G, Shen M, Zhou P, Chen X. 2021. Potential liver damage due to co-exposure to As, Cd, and Pb in mining areas: Association analysis and research trends from a Chinese perspective. Environmental Research. 201. 111598. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111598

IARC (International Agency for Research of Cancer). 2023. Agents classified by the IARC monograph. Volu¬mes I-106. [Cited 2023 Apr. 07]. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications

IRIS, 2015. Integrated Risk Information System. https://www.epa.gov/iris/reference-dose-rfd-description-and-use-health-risk-assessments

INEGI (Instituto nacional de estadística y geografía). 2023. [Citado 2023 abril 03]. http://www3.inegi.org. mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?e=21.

Journel AG, Huijbregts CJ. 1978 Mining Geostatistics. Academic Press, London, 600 p.

Khan K, Lu Y, Khan H, Ishtiaq M, Khan S, Waqas M, Wei L, Wang T. 2013. Heavy metals in agricultural soils and crops and their health risks in Swat District, northern Pakistan. Food Chem Toxicol. 58. 449–458. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.014

Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng YM, Huang YZ, Zhu YG. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing. Environ Pollut. 152:686–692. DOI:10.1016/j.en¬vpol.2007.06.056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056

Kumar V, Sharma A, Kaur P, Singh Sidhu GP, Bali AS, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Cerda A. 2019. Pollution assessment of heavy metals in soils of India and ecological risk assessment: A state-of-the-art. Chemos¬phere. 216. 449-462. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.066. Epub 2018 Oct 25. PMID: 30384315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.066

Lim HS, Lee HH, Kim TH, Lee BR. 2016. Relationship between heavy metal exposure and bone mineral density in Korean adult. J Bone Metab 23. 223–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2016.23.4.223

Mishra S, Kumar R. 2023. Use of treated sewage or wastewater as an irrigation water for agricultural purpo¬ses- environmental, Health, and Economic Impacts. Total Environment Research Themes. 6. 100051. 10.1016/j.totert.2023.100051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100051

Mitra, S., Chakraborty A., Tareq A., Emran T., Nainu F., Khusro A., Idris, A., Khandaker M., Osman H., Alhumaydhi F., Simal-Gandara J. 2022. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 34. 101865.10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865

United Nations. 2023. The Sustainable Development Goals Report. 2023. Special edition. https://sdgs.un.org/documents/sustainable-development-goals-report-2023-53220.

Narsimha, A, Li P, Qian Hui. 2018. Evaluation of groundwater contamination for fluoride and nitrate in semi-arid region of Nirmal Province, South India: A special emphasis on human health risk assessment (HHRA). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 25. 1-18. DOI:10.1080/10807039.2018.1460579 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1460579

Nayak T, Pathan A. 2023. Environmental remediation and application of carbon-based nanomaterials in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water: A review, Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.06.227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.06.227

Núñez-Gastélum, JA, Hernández Carreón S, Delgado Rios M, Flores-Marguez J, Meza-Montenegro M, Oso¬rio-Rosas C, Cota Ruiz K, Gardea-Torresdey J. 2019. Study of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in soils of the Juarez valley: an important agricultural region between Mexico and the USA. Environmen¬tal Science and Pollution Research. 26. 10.1007/s11356-019-06724-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06724-4

OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2009. Toxity Criteria Database. Cancer Po¬tency Values. http://oehha.ca.gov/risk/pdf/tcdb072109alpha.pdf.

Ohiagu F, Chikezie P, Ahaneku C, Chikezie C. 2022. Human exposure to heavy metals: toxicity mecha¬nisms and health implications. Material Science & Engineering International Journal. 6. 10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00183

Ortega RM, Jiménez CM, Barrera HA, Sepúlveda GM, Narváez JA, Madrid G, Juárez PC, Del Razo LM, Cruz AM, Méndez HP, Medeiros MBO. 2023. Relationship between urinary biomarkers of early kidney damage and exposure to inorganic toxins in a pediatric population of Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Journal of Nephrology. 36. DOI:10.1007/s40620-023-01598-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-023-01598-9

Ríos-Reyes CA, Williams C, Castellanos-Alarcon OM. 2020. A comparative study on the use of zeolite-like materials in the removal of heavy metals and ammonium from wastewaters. Prospectiva. 18:2. http:://doi.org/10.15665/rp.v18i2.2187.

Qing X, Yutong Z, Shenggao L. 2015. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 120. 377–385. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.019

SAS Institute, SAS User’s Guide: Statistics Version 9.2. Statistical Analysis System Institute Cary, North Ca¬rolina, 2002. USA.

SEMARNAT. 2000. Norma Oficial mexicana. NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000. https://biblioteca.semarnat.gob.mx/janium/Documentos/Ciga/libros2009/DO2280n.pdf.

SEMARNAT. 2004. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004, https://www.gob.mx/ cms/uploads/attachment/file/135331/48.-_NORMA_OFICIAL_MEXICANA_NOM-147-SEMAR¬NAT-SSA1-2004.pdf.

Singh A. 2021. A review of wastewater irrigation: Environmental implications. Resources, Conservation & Recycling 168 (2021) 105454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105454

Turdean, G. 2011. Design and development of biosensors for the detection of heavy metal toxicity. 3–5. doi:10.4061/2011/343125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/343125

USEPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United State). 1986. Guidelines for the health risk as¬sessment of chemical mixtures [R]. Washington (DC): US Environmental Protection Agency. ([EPA/630/R-98/002]). [Cited 2023 May.18]. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-11/do¬cuments/chem_mix_1986.pdf.

USEPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United State). 2001. Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites [R]. Washington (DC): Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. (OSWER9355.4–24). [Cited 2023 Apr. 12]. http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/91003IJK.PDF?Dockey=91003IJK.PDF

USEPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United State). 2011. Exposure factors handbook: Edition. Washington (DC): National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. [Cited 2023 Apr. 12]. http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-frontmatter.pdf.

USEPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United State). 1992. Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. Washington (DC): US Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA/600/Z-92/001). [Cited 2023 May19]. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=15263.

Wallo VA, Cuestas SO. 2006. Análisis espacial de riesgo relacionado con la influencia de la calidad del aire sobre el asma bronquial en el municipio de Regla mediante la aplicación SIG. Revista Cubana de Meteo¬rología. 13:2. Recuperado de: http://revista.insmet.cu/index.php/rcm/article/view/401/461.

Wei X, Gao B, Wang P, Zhou H, Lu J. 2015. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy me¬tals in street dusts from different functional areas in WHO (World Health Organization). 2010. Exposure to cadmium: a major public health concern. Prev Dis Through Heal Environ. 3–6. [Cited 2022 Dic 20]. http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/cadmium.pdf.

Yan K, Wang H, Lan Z, Zhou J, Fu HZ, Wu L, Xu J. 2022. Heavy metal pollution in the soil of contaminated sites in China: Research status and pollution assessment over the past two decades. Journal of Cleaner Production. 373. 133780.10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133780

Publicado

2023-12-14

Cómo citar

Castro González, N. P., Calderón Sánchez, F., & Pérez Marroquín , G. J. (2023). Análisis espacial de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas de la subcuenca Atoyac-Zahuapan y riesgos de salud pública. Agricultura, Sociedad Y Desarrollo, 21(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.22231/asyd.v21i1.1593

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a