The struggle over water in high mountain communities in the andes (Ecuador), the pyrenees (France) and the high atlas (Morocco)
Abstract
Allan (2000) has presented a general theory on the increase
in water use over the past two centuries, with five historical
phases: pre-modern, industrial modern, ecological, economic
and political-institutional, with differences between the North (a
mixture of the last three phases) and the South (which remains
in the phase of industrial hydraulic mission). When comparing
unique histories from Urcuquí, in the northern Ecuador Andes,
Prades in the western Pyrenees in France, and the valley of
Ait Bougmez in the Moroccan High Atlas, we perceive that
organization is a discontinuous and evolutionary process, giving
place to multiple conflicts regarding spaces at varied scales. To
overcome them, the local communities established institutions
for resource distribution and regulation of water rights, whose
persistence varies depending on the location and the historical
periods. We can see how historical development is not linear
nor simple, but rather it depends on moments when social
commitments are made regarding the management of common
resources.
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