Autonomy or dependence? Transformations in food practices of mayan communities in the presence of ecotourism.

Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between food provision and ecotourism in Mayan communities—particularly Lacandon and Mam—in southeastern Mexico. Through an ethnographic approach that included participant observation, interviews, and document analysis, the study examines the transformations in local food provision practices— hunting, fishing, gathering, farming, breeding, and purchasing—under the influence of ecotourism. The findings reveal tensions between the preservation of local culinary knowledge transmitted orally and the incorporation of products from external markets and ultra-processed foods. These dynamics affect both the food sovereignty of the communities and the ethnic identity of their members. The study concludes that, while ecotourism generates economic benefits, it also contributes to a growing dependence on external markets and to cultural erosion. In this context, public policies are needed that promote a balance between economic development, food sovereignty, and cultural preservation.